تحلیل دینامیک جزایر حرارتی شهری در تهران (2023-2013) براساس تصاویر MODIS و موتور Google Earth

منصوری, سید تاج الدین; ضرغامی, اسماعیل

doi:10.22061/jrsgr.2024.10762.1057

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه معماری دانشکده مهندسی معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجائی تهران، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22061/jrsgr.2024.10762.1057

چکیده

پیشینه و اهداف: امروزه شهرنشینی در حال گسترش است و پیش‌بینی‌ شده است که تا سال 2030 بیش از دو سوم جمعیت جهان در شهرها زندگی خواهند کرد. این جمعیت، برای زندگی کردن نیازمند فضاهایی مانند مسکونی، کسب‌وکار، گذران اوقات فراغت و غیره هستند. این امر، منجر به تغییرات محیط طبیعی برای ایجاد کاربری‌های گفته‌ شده است. این تغییرات، پیامدهای گوناگونی بر محیط ‌زیست و زندگی انسان‌ها دارند که می‌توان به افزایش سطوح نفوذناپذیر در سطح شهر و کاهش فضای سبز اشاره نمود. بر این اساس، محیط شهر به‌علت تولید حرارت بیشتر ناشی از مصرف سوخت‌های فسیلی و همچنین، وجود سطوح نفوذناپذیر و ساختمان‌های بلند، به‌عنوان جمع کننده حرارت عمل کرده و جزایر حرارتی را به‌وجود می‌آورد. علت اصلی تشکیل و تشدید جزایر حرارتی شهری، تغییر سطح زمین در اثر توسعه ناموزون شهر است. امروزه، بررسی دقیق و جامع جزایر حرارتی شهری که با رشد شهر در ارتباط است، مورد توجه مدیران شهری قرار گرفته است. علم سنجش‌ از دور یکی از بهترین ابزارهای تشخیص این پدیده است. این مقاله، به بررسی تأثیر ساختار محیط شهری بر تغییرات حرارتی در شهر تهران می‌پردازد.
روش‌ها‌: برای رسیدن به این هدف پژوهش برای مشخص کردن روند تغییرات دمایی در مناطق 22 گانه شهر تهران در بازه زمانی اول ژانویه 2013 تا اول ژانویه 2023، ابتدا کد نویسی در Google Earth Engine انجام شد. برای این کار، شیپ فایل شهر تهران تهیه گردید و پس از فراخوانی شیپ فایل در Google Earth Engine، تصاویر سنجش‌ از دور ماهوارهMODIS 11A2 006 Terra استخراج گردید. این تصاویر، 460 عدد بودند که به‌وسیله کاهنده سامانه Google Earth Engine به تصاویری بسیار کمتر و با وضوح بیشتر، تبدیل گردیدند. سپس، با توجه به داده‌های مورد نیاز و دریافتی از ماهوارهMODIS 11A2 006 Terra میانگین روند دمای سطح زمین در شب، روند تغییرات دمای سطح زمین، روند برش عرضی دمای سطح زمین و میانگین روند تغییرات دمای سطح زمین در شب برای مناطق 22 گانه شهر تهران در بازه زمانی اول ژانویه 2013 تا اول ژانویه 2023 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: پس از اندازه‌گیری داده‌ها، مناطق 10، 11 و 12 در مرکز تهران، کمترین و مناطق 1، 3 و 4 در شمال شرق تهران و مناطق 21 و 22 در شمال غرب تهران بیشترین تغییرات حرارتی را در زمان، در نظر داشتند. دمای سطح زمین در مناطق 1، 3، 4، 21 و 22 با میانگین 6/288 کلوین، گرم‌ترین مناطق در شهر تهران بودند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج، نشان داد که جزایر حرارتی شهری ایجاد شده در شهر تهران بر اساس عواملی که باعث تغییرات دمایی می‌شوند، متفاوت هستند. این تفاوت در درجه اول به دلیل کاربری و پوشش اراضی در توسعه نامتناسب و نامتوازن شهر است و نشان ‌دهنده رابطه نزدیک ‌بین پوشش زمین و دمای سطح زمین می‌باشد. همچنین، مطالعه همبستگی بین پوشش زمین و دمای سطح زمین نشان داد که بین این دو پارامتر رابطه‌ای معکوس وجود دارد و بین تراکم جمعیت و دمای سطح زمین در برخی مناطق رابطه مستقیمی وجود ندارد. با توجه به ماهیت تحقیق، این پژوهش می‌تواند با برنامه‌ریزی صحیح برای استفاده بهتر و بیشتر از آب و فضای سبز در کاهش شدت و گسترش جزایر حرارتی شهری مؤثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

سنجش از دور

عنوان مقاله [English]

Dynamic Analysis of Urban Heat Islands in Tehran (2013-2023) Based on MODIS Images and Google Earth Engine

نویسندگان [English]

S. T. Mansouri
E. Zarghami

Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning, Shahid Rajaei Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Today, urbanization is expanding and it is predicted that by 2030, more than two-thirds of the world's population will live in cities. This population needs spaces such as residential, business, leisure, etc. to live. This has led to changes in the natural environment to create the said uses. These changes have various consequences on the environment and human life, which can be mentioned as the increase of impervious levels in the city and the reduction of green space. Based on this, the city environment acts as a heat collector and creates heat islands due to the production of more heat due to the consumption of fossil fuels as well as the presence of impermeable surfaces and tall buildings. The main reason for the formation and intensification of urban heat islands is the change of the land surface due to the uneven development of the city. Today, detailed and comprehensive investigation of urban thermal islands, which is related to the growth of the city, has been noticed by city managers. Remote sensing is one of the best tools to detect this phenomenon. This article examines the influence of urban environment structure on thermal changes in Tehran.
Methods: To achieve this goal of the research, to determine the trend of temperature changes in 22 regions of Tehran in the period from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2023, coding was done in Google Earth Engine. For this purpose, the shape file of Tehran city was prepared and after calling the shape file in Google Earth Engine, remote sensing images of MODIS 11A2 006 Terra satellite were extracted. These images were 460, which were converted into much smaller and higher resolution images by the reducer of the Google Earth Engine system. Then, according to the required data received from the MODIS 11A2 006 Terra satellite, the average ground surface temperature trend at night, the ground surface temperature change trend, the ground surface temperature transect trend and the average ground surface temperature change trend at night for the 22 regions of Tehran in the interval The period from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2023 was examined.
Findings: After measuring the data, areas 10, 11, and 12 in the center of Tehran had the least, and areas 1, 3, and 4 in the northeast of Tehran and areas 21 and 22 in the northwest of Tehran had the most thermal changes in time. The temperature of the ground surface in areas 1, 3, 4, 21 and 22 with an average of 288.6 K, were the hottest areas in Tehran.
Conclusion: The results showed that the urban heat islands created in Tehran are different based on the factors that cause temperature changes. This difference is primarily due to land use and land cover in the disproportionate and unbalanced development of the city and indicates the close relationship between land cover and surface temperature. Also, the correlation study between land cover and land surface temperature showed that there is an inverse relationship between these two parameters and there is no direct relationship between population density and land surface temperature in some areas. Considering the nature of the research, this research can be effective in reducing the intensity and expansion of urban heat islands with proper planning for better and more use of water and green space.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Land Surface Temperature (LST)
Land Use
Remote Sensing
Tehran
Urban Heat Islands

COPYRIGHTS
© 2024 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)

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پژوهش های سنجش از دور و اطلاعات مکانی

تحلیل دینامیک جزایر حرارتی شهری در تهران (2023-2013) براساس تصاویر MODIS و موتور Google Earth

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 2، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 3
دی 1402
صفحه 45-64

تحلیل دینامیک جزایر حرارتی شهری در تهران (2023-2013) براساس تصاویر MODIS و موتور Google Earth

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 2، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 3دی 1402صفحه 45-64

دوره 2، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 3
دی 1402
صفحه 45-64