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پایش فرونشست خط ‌راه آهن تهران با استفاده از تکنیک اینسار و مشاهدات زمینی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی نقشه برداری، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

پیشینه و اهداف: یکی از خطرناک‌ترین رخداد‌های طبیعی، فرونشست سطح زمین است و اغلب به‌جهت سهل انگاری بشر در استخراج آب‌ها و معادن زیرزمینی و عوامل دیگر حادث می‌شود. این پدیده، به‌خصوص در مناطق حساس مانند خطوط ریلی، می‌تواند منجر به حوادث جبران ناپذیری شود. شکاف‌های ناشی از فرونشست در برخی از مسیر‌های ریلی همچون مسیر تهران- مشهد، تهران- ورامین، اصفهان به شیراز و ... تا نزدیکی این خطوط پیشروی داشته و تهدیدی برای این خطوط به‌شمار می‌آید. بنابراین، پایش فرونشست و بررسی تغییر شکل در بعد زمان و مکان به‌منظور مدیریت حادثه ضروری می‌باشد. برای رفتار سنجی تغییر شکل پدیده‌ها نیازمند بررسی سری زمانی آنی پدیده در منطقه مورد مطالعه هستیم. امروزه، تکنیک تداخل سنجی راداری (InSAR) به‌دلیل پیوستگی مکانی و زمانی یک تکنیک متداول برای اندازه‌گیری تغییر شکل پوسته زمین شده است.
روش‌ها‌: در این تحقیق، نرخ فرونشست زمین در طول خطوط ریلی در شاخه‌های خروجی خط آهن تهران با استفاده از تکنیک تداخل سنجی راداری و با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره سنتینل-1 در بازه زمانی 2017-2020 مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. میزان جابه‌جایی سطح زمین از طریق پردازش 46 تصویر و ایجاد 158 تداخل نگار به کمک آنالیز سری زمانی و با استفاده از روش خط مبنای کوتاه (SBAS) به‌دست آمد. برای اعتبار سنجی و تفسیر نتایج پژوهش از داده‌های شبکه ژئودینامیک کشور، شبکه شمیم سازمان ثبت اسناد و املاک، داده‌های چاه‌های پیزومتری و همچنین مشخصات خاک گمانه‌های حفاری استفاده گردید.
یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل از تحلیل سری زمانی تداخل سنجی، نشان از وقوع فرونشست قابل ملاحظه­ای در مناطقی از محدوده مورد مطالعه دارد که بیشینه آن مربوط به مسیر‌های کرج-کردان و ملکی-آپرین با نرخ جابه‌جایی 139 میلی‌متر در سال در راستای خط دید ماهواره (LOS) می‌باشد. اعتبارسنجی نتایج به‌دست آمده با در نظر گرفتن خطاهای مربوط به هرکدام از روش‌ها نسبتاً خوب بود. همچنین ارتباط بین پدیده فرونشست و افت سطح آب زیرزمینی و نوع خاک منطقه به کمک داده‌های 12 چاه پیزومتری دشت‌های تهران و کرج و اطلاعات گمانه‌های حفاری تعدادی از چاه‌های پیزومتری منطقه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج کلی نشان دهنده این بود که علت اصلی نشست در منطقه، افت سطح آب‌های زیر­زمینی می‌باشد.
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طورکلی، با بررسی رابطه‌ افت سالانه آب و فرونشست و همچنین نوع، جنس و ضخامت خاک منطقه، مشخص گردید که علت اصلی نشست در منطقه، افت سطح آب‌های زیر زمینی در مناطق با ضخامت بالای رسوبات ریز دانه می‌باشد. رویکرد پیشنهادی در این تحقیق نشان داد که به‌منظور پایش فرونشست در امتداد تأسیسات خطی از قیبل خطوط راه آهن، به‌کارگیری تکنیک InSAR می­تواند در ارزیابی های اولیه و به دنبال آن، استفاده از روش‌های دقیق­تر در مناطق درگیر فرونشست، مؤثر واقع گردد. به‌دلیل قدرت تفکیک نسبتاً پایین سنتینل-1، پیشنهاد می­شود در کاربردهای مرتبط با ساختارهای خطی از قبیل جاده یا راه آهن از تصاویر با اندازه پیکسل کوچک‌تر استفاده گردد. علاوه بر این، برای ارزیابی و شناسایی دقیق‌تر مناطق تحت فرونشست می توان از ترازیابی دقیق نیز بهره برد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Subsidence Monitoring along Tehran Railway: An Analysis of InSAR and Ground Observations

نویسندگان [English]

  • J. Piri
  • E. Javadnia

Geomatics Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Land subsidence is recognized as one of the most perilous natural occurrences, often resulting from human negligence in water extraction, underground mining, and various other factors. This phenomenon poses a significant threat, specifically in sensitive areas such as railway systems, where irreparable damage can transpire. Notably, subsidence-induced cracks have emerged along several railway routes, including Tehran-Mashhad, Tehran-Varamin, and Isfahan to Shiraz, jeopardizing the integrity of these lines. Consequently, comprehensive monitoring of subsidence and deformation in both temporal and spatial dimensions becomes imperative for effective event management. To accurately assess the deformation patterns of such phenomena, a thorough analysis of the instantaneous time series within the study region is essential. In recent times, Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) has emerged as a widely adopted technique for precisely measuring crustal deformation.
Methods: This study focuses on examining the rate of land subsidence along the railway lines in the Tehran region, utilizing InSAR and Sentinel-1 satellite imagery spanning the period from 2017 to 2020. The analysis involved processing a total of 46 images and generating 158 interferograms through the application of time series analysis and employing the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) technique. GMTSAR software was used to create a time series and a displacement map from the interferograms.  To ensure the credibility and comprehension of the research findings, diverse datasets were utilized, including the Iranian Permanent GPS Network for Geodynamics (IPGN) data, the data sourced from the Shamim network of the Land Registry Organization, the measurements from piezometric wells, and the soil characteristics derived from drilling boreholes.
Findings: The analysis of the interferometry time series reveals the occurrence of subsidence in specific areas within the case study. The most significant subsidence was observed along the Karaj-Kordan and Maleki-Aprin railway lines, with a deformation rate of approximately 139 mm/year along the line of sight (LOS). Notably, the validation process considering the errors associated with each method yielded relatively satisfactory results. Furthermore, an investigation was conducted to explore the relationship between subsidence, groundwater withdrawal, and soil type. This investigation utilized data from 12 piezometric wells located in the Tehran and Karaj plains, as well as information gathered from drilling boreholes in the study region. The overall findings indicate that the primary cause of subsidence in the region is attributed to a decline in groundwater withdrawal.
Conclusion: Upon analyzing the relationship between annual water loss, subsidence, and the soil characteristics within the region, it was determined that the primary cause of subsidence is the withdrawal of groundwater in areas characterized by thick deposits of fine-grained sediments. The proposed approach in this study highlights the effectiveness of utilizing the InSAR technique for initial evaluations of subsidence along linear infrastructures like railway lines. However, it is advised to employ more precise methods in subsidence-affected regions. Given the relatively limited resolution of Sentinel-1 imagery, it is recommended to utilize images with smaller pixel sizes when assessing linear structures such as roads or railways. Additionally, accurate leveling techniques can be employed to enhance the precision and identification of subsidence areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Subsidence
  • Sentinel
  • Railway
  • InSAR
  • Validation

COPYRIGHTS 
© 2024 The Author(s).  This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)  

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پژوهش های سنجش از دور و اطلاعات مکانی
دوره 2، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 3
دی 1402
صفحه 97-112
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  • تاریخ دریافت: 05 دی 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 15 اردیبهشت 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 خرداد 1403
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