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Geo-spatial Analysis of Environmental Factors Affecting Human Health in Tehran

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Information and Communication Technology, Technical and Vocational University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran

3 Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran دانشکده برق و کامپیوتر دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران

Abstract

Background and Objectives: In recent decades, the complex interaction between environmental factors and public health has attracted the attention of researchers, policy makers, and public health practitioners. Understanding how environmental factors affect human health is very important in dealing with citizens' health challenges. In recent years, geographic information systems (GIS) have been used as practical tools in this field and have enabled the investigation and analysis of complex relationships between environmental variables and health. These systems are a useful tool for zoning diseases, and with the spatial distribution of some diseases, significant results can be achieved. Results such as that some diseases are related to environmental factors. Diagnosing environmental factors in the direction of treatment, prevention and reduction of healthcare costs is a way to develop health. This article deals with the spatial analysis of some environmental factors affecting health in order to provide solutions to prevent the occurrence of pathogenic factors in citizens.
Methods: The research method of performing a location analysis includes several steps including data collection, data pre-processing, spatial analysis and integration with decision support systems. Collecting air quality data is one of the main parts of this research. The air quality of Tehran is affected by several factors, including the emission of pollutants by cars, industrial units and natural resources, the amount of each of which is measured using the network of air quality monitoring stations throughout the city of Tehran. This time-spatial data set enables us to investigate trends and changes in air quality in different areas of Tehran. Also, ensuring access to safe water is a fundamental aspect of public health. Therefore, the collection of water quality data is critical for our study. The desired parameters include water acidity or alkalinity (pH), clarity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and concentrations of certain pollutants such as heavy metals. Is. The data collected by local health centers have been used to analyze infectious diseases from animals. After collecting the required data, the process of data analysis and processing is done for their spatial analysis, and after the said analysis, the data obtained from different stages of the research are integrated in GIS. This allows us to combine spatial data to more clearly show the connections between environmental factors and diseases. This data integration should be done regularly and carefully so that the results of the analysis are valid. QGIS software was used to perform spatial data analysis and processing. In addition, Pandas and NumPy libraries in Python were used for statistical data analysis.
Findings: The data collected from the air quality monitoring stations allowed us to obtain detailed maps of the concentration of pollutants and their spatial changes. These maps are very valuable in monitoring health risks related to air pollution. Analysis of air quality data showed high concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 particulate matter in densely populated areas. In addition, the concentration of NO2 near the main roads indicates the major contribution of vehicles in the production of this gas. The analysis of water quality in Tehran showed that there are no significant differences in the water quality of different regions. . The analysis of disease data provides important information about carriers, their habitats and behavioral patterns, which leads to a comprehensive understanding of the city's infectious disease ecosystem. Targeted measures to control infectious diseases in high-risk areas and education to the target community are necessary to reduce the risk of diseases.
Conclusion: Human health is affected by various environmental factors, including the place of their lives, so that it can be said that health-related issues almost always have spatial dimensions. Investigating the characteristics of these places (including anthropological characteristics and the presence of environmental risk factors) is very important in order to conduct studies. The results of this research showed that GIS has a valuable role in investigating and tracking the spread of diseases and other health issues in The length of time periods and the assessment of environmental risks for the residents of an area. Using GIS is one of the health warning solutions to people at risk. By specifying the location of the disease and the polluted areas of the city, people will become more aware of their surroundings and better understand prevention issues. Also, with the identification of high-risk areas, health costs and expenses will be adjusted because policy makers and health managers will focus on the necessary strategies to prevent and deal with the spread of these types of diseases in a targeted manner.

Keywords

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COPYRIGHTS 
© 2023 The Author(s).  This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) 

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Journal of Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Research
Volume 1, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
July 2023
Pages 127-134
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  • Receive Date: 18 July 2023
  • Revise Date: 18 October 2023
  • Accept Date: 31 October 2023
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