Document Type : Original Research Paper
Authors
1 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning, Shahid Rajaei Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architectural Engineering and Urban Planning, Shahid Rajaei Teacher Training University of Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Today, urbanization is expanding and it is predicted that by 2030, more than two-thirds of the world's population will live in cities. This population needs spaces such as residential, business, leisure, etc. to live. This has led to changes in the natural environment to create the said uses. These changes have various consequences on the environment and human life, which can be mentioned as the increase of impervious levels in the city and the reduction of green space. Based on this, the city environment acts as a heat collector and creates heat islands due to the production of more heat due to the consumption of fossil fuels as well as the presence of impermeable surfaces and tall buildings. The main reason for the formation and intensification of urban heat islands is the change of the land surface due to the uneven development of the city. Today, detailed and comprehensive investigation of urban thermal islands, which is related to the growth of the city, has been noticed by city managers. Remote sensing is one of the best tools to detect this phenomenon. This article examines the influence of urban environment structure on thermal changes in Tehran.
Methods: To achieve this goal of the research, to determine the trend of temperature changes in 22 regions of Tehran in the period from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2023, coding was done in Google Earth Engine. For this purpose, the shape file of Tehran city was prepared and after calling the shape file in Google Earth Engine, remote sensing images of MODIS 11A2 006 Terra satellite were extracted. These images were 460, which were converted into much smaller and higher resolution images by the reducer of the Google Earth Engine system. Then, according to the required data received from the MODIS 11A2 006 Terra satellite, the average ground surface temperature trend at night, the ground surface temperature change trend, the ground surface temperature transect trend and the average ground surface temperature change trend at night for the 22 regions of Tehran in the interval The period from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2023 was examined.
Findings: After measuring the data, areas 10, 11, and 12 in the center of Tehran had the least, and areas 1, 3, and 4 in the northeast of Tehran and areas 21 and 22 in the northwest of Tehran had the most thermal changes in time. The temperature of the ground surface in areas 1, 3, 4, 21 and 22 with an average of 288.6 K, were the hottest areas in Tehran.
Conclusion: The results showed that the urban heat islands created in Tehran are different based on the factors that cause temperature changes. This difference is primarily due to land use and land cover in the disproportionate and unbalanced development of the city and indicates the close relationship between land cover and surface temperature. Also, the correlation study between land cover and land surface temperature showed that there is an inverse relationship between these two parameters and there is no direct relationship between population density and land surface temperature in some areas. Considering the nature of the research, this research can be effective in reducing the intensity and expansion of urban heat islands with proper planning for better and more use of water and green space.
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© 2024 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
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