Document Type : Original Research Paper
Authors
1 Department of Surveying Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Surveying Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Archaeological artifacts, as the cultural and historical heritage of any society, play a crucial role in preserving its identity and history. Protecting and managing these artifacts requires modern technologies to accurately and non-destructively document and preserve this heritage. The use of photogrammetry and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in managing and preserving historical sites, including archaeological areas, has increasingly gained attention. The primary aim of this research is to utilize photogrammetric technologies and GIS for the management and preservation of the ancient site of Hegmataneh in Hamadan. This research seeks to improve the accuracy and quality of data through aerial image processing, data correction, georeferencing, and precise map creation. Additionally, the research analyzes changes in the site and provides results to support planning and managerial decision-making in the field of historical site preservation. Furthermore, the goal is to analyze site changes and provide tools for planning and managerial decision-making in the preservation of historical sites.
Methods: The ancient site of Hegmataneh in Hamadan was selected as the research site and sample due to its significant historical and cultural importance from the Median and Achaemenid periods. Data was collected using 12 aerial images with a resolution of 1 to 2 meters, captured with an Ultracam-Xp camera in 2017, along with Google Earth software for measuring and determining reference points.The materials used included image data and image processing software such as Agisoft Metashape Professional and Global Mapper to generate a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and orthophoto. The research process involved preparing and processing images, correcting data, modeling, and creating maps. These steps progressively improved data accuracy and generated more precise 3D models for analyzing site changes.This research has primarily contributed to the management and preservation of archaeological sites and serves as a valuable decision-making tool for effective site management and preservation.
Findings: This research utilized photogrammetry technologies and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to create a spatial model of the Hegmataneh archaeological site in Hamadan. By processing aerial and satellite images, accurate 3D models were developed, enabling the analysis of structural and urban changes, as well as the creation of heritage maps for Hamadan and the Mapping Organization. The results demonstrated that combining these technologies helps in more accurate data recording, identifying threats, and supporting management planning. These methods enhance the accuracy of modeling and provide an efficient tool for decision-making in the preservation and management of cultural heritage.
Conclusion: The restoration and proper conservation of historical monuments should be based on documented evidence and in compliance with national and international standards to prevent damage to the authenticity of the structures. Additionally, the design and construction of new buildings should be harmonized with historical structures and carried out under strict supervision. The use of modern technologies, such as aerial images, satellite imagery, artificial intelligence, and augmented reality, can improve the management and protection of heritage sites. The researcher’s suggestions include the need for precise documentation and continuous monitoring throughout all stages of restoration, design, and transfer of artifacts. There are limitations and challenges, such as a lack of scientific documentation, budgetary issues, and managerial obstacles, which must be carefully considered to prevent the destruction and damage of historical sites.
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© 2025 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
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